What can influence the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is significantly influenced by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. When antibiotics are prescribed inappropriately, such as for viral infections where they are ineffective, or when patients do not complete their prescribed antibiotic courses, it allows bacteria to survive and adapt. These surviving bacteria may develop mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, leading to resistant strains.

Inappropriate antibiotic use can also arise from not adhering to guidelines, such as prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics when a narrow-spectrum option would suffice, which further exposes bacteria to unnecessary antibiotic pressure. As a result, the misuse of antibiotics creates an environment conducive to the selection of resistant bacterial populations.

On the other hand, frequent patient check-ups, improving sanitation standards, and regular health screenings can contribute positively to overall health and infection control, but they do not directly elevate the risk of antibiotic resistance in the same manner that inappropriate antibiotic use does.