What does "self-medication" concerning antibiotics refer to?

Self-medication concerning antibiotics refers to when individuals take antibiotics without medical guidance. This practice involves individuals obtaining and using antibiotics on their own, often for symptoms or conditions they believe to be treatable with such medications. This can lead to inappropriate use, including taking the incorrect antibiotic, incorrect dosage, or using antibiotics for viral infections against which they are ineffective. This practice raises significant concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance, as misuse contributes to the development of resistant bacteria.

The other options describe more appropriate scenarios for antibiotic use. Taking antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider is a key practice in responsible antibiotic use and falls under the guidelines aimed at ensuring safe and effective treatment. Acquiring antibiotics only through a healthcare facility aligns with regulated medical practice, ensuring that prescriptions are based on clinical evaluation and diagnosis. Using antibiotics only after a proper diagnosis is crucial in promoting responsible usage, ensuring that the patient receives the right treatment for their condition.