What is the focus of selective decontamination in a hospital setting?

The focus of selective decontamination in a hospital setting is on the reduction of pathogenic organisms. This approach is implemented to decrease the presence of harmful bacteria while allowing beneficial microbiota to persist. The goal is to minimize the risk of infections, particularly in vulnerable patient populations, such as those in intensive care units or who are immunocompromised, while maintaining a balance in the microbial environment.

Selective decontamination often involves using antimicrobials in targeted ways, such as reducing specific pathogens that are known to contribute to infections without completely eradicating all microorganisms. This is crucial because the complete elimination of all bacteria (as suggested in the first choice) could disrupt normal flora and potentially lead to other health issues, such as infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. Increasing antibiotic prescriptions (the third choice) is contrary to the principles of antimicrobial stewardship, which aims to optimize antibiotic use and reduce unnecessary prescriptions. Lastly, the prevention of all microbial growth is not practical or necessary within a hospital setting, as some microorganisms play essential roles in health and cannot be completely excluded.